Igrzyska Wolności 2026: positions of the headline speakers

Public positions of the 51 VIP speakers of Igrzyska Wolności 2026 (Łódź, 23–25 October 2026). Each cell gives a short neutral label and footnotes to its sources. — means no public statement was found, not that the person holds no view. 29 of 51 speakers have at least one documented position.

Positions

Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023)

Agnieszka Holland's film about the 2021 Belarus border crisis. Criticism by named officials and politicians, Holland's replies, and the documented background.

Background

• Human Rights Watch (2021-11-24): Since summer 2021 Belarus actively enabled Middle East migrants to fly in on facilitated tourist visas and reach the Polish border; Poland pushed them back^[361]
• Al Jazeera (2021-11-18): Iraq's first repatriation flight from Minsk to Baghdad took more than 400 Iraqis stranded in Belarus^[362]

Criticism

• Zbigniew Ziobro (justice minister) (2023-09-04/05, post on X a day before the Venice premiere; AP report 2023-09-05/07): "In the Third Reich, the Germans produced propaganda films showing Poles as bandits and murderers. Today, they have Agnieszka Holland for that."^[363]
• Zbigniew Ziobro (2023-09-21): In a PiS video he called the film "disgusting", compared it again to Nazi and Soviet propaganda and linked Holland to Civic Platform^[364]
• Warsaw court (on Holland's suit) (2023-09-26/27): Barred Ziobro, as an interim measure, from linking Holland and her film to Nazi propaganda^[365]
• President Andrzej Duda (about 2023-09-20): On TVP Info he said he was not surprised Border Guards used the occupation-era slogan "tylko świnie siedzą w kinie" ("only pigs sit in cinemas"); he admitted he had not seen the film^[366]
• President Andrzej Duda (reported 2023-10-10): Called the film "anti-Polish", according to Al Jazeera^[367]
• OMZRiK (anti-racism monitoring centre) vs Duda (2024-25, ruling date not given in source): Sued Duda over the "pigs" remark; the Warsaw District Court dismissed the claim^[368]
• Border Guard union members (Nadwiślański Oddział SG) (about 2023-09-08): Statement titled "Tylko świnie siedzą w kinie": the film is anti-Polish propaganda showing officers as oppressors; SG spokesperson said it was the union, not the unit^[369]
• Błażej Poboży (deputy interior minister) (2023-09-21): "The best way to describe this film is a disgusting libel"; the crisis was "deliberately engineered by Minsk and Moscow", a "hybrid operation"^[370]
• Ministry of Interior and Administration (MSWiA) (2023-09-21): Announced a special clip to precede screenings in independent cinemas, saying the film gives a false, unfair picture of the services^[371]
• Mariusz Kamiński (interior minister) (Sept 2023, search summary; exact page not confirmed): Called it a "brutal attack on Polish uniformed officers"; "Holland is not telling the truth... She consciously manipulates our emotions"^[372]
• PiS party (official X account) (2023-09-21): The film attacks soldiers and officers defending the border against a hybrid attack by Lukashenko and Putin; "we must defend against Tusk's hyenas"^[373]
• Radosław Fogiel (PiS MP) (2023-09-21): Sad that opposition welcomed the film as "anti-PiS" when it is "anti-Polish"^[374]
• Mateusz Morawiecki (prime minister) (2023-09-20/22): Called the film propaganda preparation for dismantling the border barrier with Belarus; opponents use it to besmirch the Polish uniform^[375]
• Mariusz Błaszczak (defence minister) (Sept 2023, search summary): Called the film a gift from Holland and celebrity circles to Putin, to be used in anti-Polish propaganda^[376]
• Stanisław Żaryn (government plenipotentiary for information-space security) (Sept 2023, search summary; page did not load): Belarusian state propaganda praised the film; its message matches Belarusian and Russian information operations against Poland^[377]
• Przemysław Czarnek (education minister) (Sept 2023): "Holland i jej polityczni pomagierzy nie mają prawa nazywać się Polakami" (headline quote: no right to call themselves Poles)^[378]
• Mariusz Kałużny (PiS MP) (Sept 2023, search summary): Called the film scandalous and anti-Polish; Putin would go to see it^[379]

Holland's replies

• Agnieszka Holland (2023-09-07): Demanded Ziobro apologise within 7 days and donate 50,000 zł to a Holocaust-survivor charity, or face defamation charges^[380]
• Agnieszka Holland (2023-09-20, Warsaw premiere): "We expected hate, but not so brutally and from the highest government bodies... I haven't seen this in any democratic country."^[381]
• Agnieszka Holland (2023-09-22): The film can "give a face and voice to the migrants and refugees"; attacks are "insinuations, defamations and hate speeches"; MSWiA clip "ridiculous"^[382]
• Agnieszka Holland (2023-09-22): Film "came from my love for Poland", has "not a gram of propaganda", shows mainly good Poles; Putin and Lukashenko exploit EU weakness^[383]
• Agnieszka Holland (2023-10-10): Described an "orchestrated campaign"; populists' main tool is creating fear of refugees; everything in the film is documented^[384]
• Agnieszka Holland (2024-06-21): Europe became "hostage of exterior regimes" manipulating refugee flows; situation "not black-and-white"; some guards feel guilty^[385]
• Agnieszka Holland (2024-05-31): Disappointed that the Tusk government kept the previous approach to migrants at the border^[386]

References

1. ^ Roxana Mînzatu, Patriotism and nationalism: said far-right nationalism is driving a backslide on gender equality (2024). Source: https://www.euronews.com/2024/09/04/gender-imbalance-tied-to-rising-far-right-says-romanias-new-eu-commission-pick-radio-schum
2. ^ Roxana Mînzatu, Feminism: links too few women in public life to gender-based violence; pro gender equality (2024). Source: https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/09/03/too-few-women-in-public-life-correlates-to-gender-based-violence-says-romanias-pick-for-co
3. ^ Roxana Mînzatu, Affiliation: Executive Vice-President for Social Rights and Skills, Quality Jobs and Preparedness, European Commission (von der Leyen II) (2024–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu
4. ^ Roxana Mînzatu, Affiliation: Member for Romania, European Parliament (S&D group) (2024). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu
5. ^ Roxana Mînzatu, Affiliation: Member, Social Democratic Party (PSD), Romania (2000–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu
6. ^ Roxana Mînzatu, Affiliation: Minister of European Funds, Government of Romania (2019). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu
7. ^ Roxana Mînzatu, Affiliation: Secretary of State for programmes financed by public and European funds, Government of Romania (2022–2024). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu
8. ^ Roxana Mînzatu, Affiliation: Member, Chamber of Deputies, Romania (2016–2020). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu
9. ^ Salman Rushdie, Collectivism vs individualism: target of the 1989 fatwa; lifelong anti-theocratic defender of individual expression. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Letter_on_Justice_and_Open_Debate
10. ^ Salman Rushdie, Migration from outside Europe: refugees must be accommodated, with a militant-infiltration risk (2015); concern Muslim migration could make Europe less tolerant (2015, secondary summary); migration a great enrichment (2022). Source: https://bigthink.com/?p=51882 https://grabien.com/story.php?id=36750 https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/article/mahner-fur-freiheit-salman-rushdie-wird-75-237796
11. ^ Salman Rushdie, Feminism: backed Jack Straw; the veil takes power away from women (BBC, 2006-10-10). Source: https://pluralism.org/news/rushdie-criticizes-muslim-veils
12. ^ Salman Rushdie, LGB rights: among 200+ authors condemning Russia's gay 'propaganda' law (2014-02-06). Source: https://thepinknews.com/2014/02/06/more-than-200-leading-authors-condemn-russias-anti-gay-laws-as-a-chokehold-on-freedom-of-speech/
13. ^ Salman Rushdie, Trans rights: "not hostile" to transition; adults he knows who transitioned benefited (2017). Source: https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/10/07/salman-rushdie-makes-gender-reassignment-warning/
14. ^ Salman Rushdie, Transition of minors: concerned about "very young people" transitioning: "we maybe need to just back off a little" (2017). Source: https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/10/07/salman-rushdie-makes-gender-reassignment-warning/
15. ^ Salman Rushdie, Free speech: signed the Harper's "Letter on Justice and Open Debate" (2020). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Letter_on_Justice_and_Open_Debate
16. ^ Salman Rushdie, Religion in public life: Defends free expression against blasphemy-based pressure; said the West 'learned the wrong lessons'.. Source: https://www.meforum.org/islamist-watch/46821/rushdie-says-wrong-lessons-learned-from-his-iran https://secularism.org.uk/opinion/2022/08/the-silencing-of-salman-rushdie-must-not-succeed
17. ^ Salman Rushdie, Islam: "I don't think it's anything in Islam that's created this"; most Muslims "pretty reasonable" (1990, 60 Minutes). Source: https://www.rev.com/transcripts/salman-rushdie-the-60-minutes-interview-1990-transcript
18. ^ Salman Rushdie, Islam: A religion "above any kind of whisper of criticism... doesn't add up"; fundamentalists "could do with a little criticism" (1990). Source: https://www.rev.com/transcripts/salman-rushdie-the-60-minutes-interview-1990-transcript
19. ^ Salman Rushdie, Islam: Co-signed manifesto: Islamism a "reactionary ideology which kills equality, freedom and secularism" (2006-03-01). Source: https://reason.com/2006/03/01/manifesto-facing-the-new-total/
20. ^ Salman Rushdie, Islam: Called IS "the worst threat of our time"; no compromise with radical Islamists; blamed Saudi-funded Wahhabism (2015-09-16). Source: https://www.evangelisch.de/inhalte/124862/16-09-2015/salman-rushdie-nennt-schlimmste-bedrohung-unserer-zeit
21. ^ Salman Rushdie, Islam: Palestinian state now "would be run by Hamas... a Taliban-like state"; called Hamas "fascist, terrorist group" (2024-05). Source: https://www.spiked-online.com/2024/05/22/salman-rushies-lonely-crusade-against-islamism/
22. ^ Salman Rushdie, “Islamophobia”: Manifesto: "Islamophobia" an "unfortunate concept" confusing criticism of Islam as religion with stigmatising believers (2006-03-01). Source: https://reason.com/2006/03/01/manifesto-facing-the-new-total/
23. ^ Salman Rushdie, Risks of migration and Islamism: after the Charlie Hebdo killings: religion "combined with modern weaponry becomes a real threat to our freedoms"; "religious totalitarianism has caused a deadly mutation in the heart of Islam"; "'Respect for religion' has become a code phrase meaning 'fear of religion'" (2015-01-07). Source: https://electricliterature.com/salman-rushdie-i-stand-with-charlie-hebdo-as-we-all-must-to-defend-the-art-of-satire/
24. ^ Salman Rushdie, Affiliation: Distinguished Writer in Residence, New York University, Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute (2015–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie
25. ^ Salman Rushdie, Affiliation: President; founder of PEN World Voices Festival, PEN American Center (2004–2006). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie
26. ^ Salman Rushdie, Affiliation: Distinguished Writer in Residence / University Distinguished Professor, Emory University (2006–2015). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie
27. ^ Salman Rushdie, Affiliation: Foreign Honorary Member, American Academy of Arts and Letters (2008–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie
28. ^ Salman Rushdie, Affiliation: Fellow, Royal Society of Literature (1983–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie
29. ^ Salman Rushdie, Affiliation: Patron, Humanists UK. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie
30. ^ Martyna Wojciechowska, Abortion: called the 2020 Tribunal ruling "scandalous"; a woman "should have a choice" (column, 2020). Source: https://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/exclusive/martyna-wojciechowska-poronila-dramatyczne-wyznanie-gwiazdy-tvn-aa-QpWZ-bvNj-KEBu.html
31. ^ Martyna Wojciechowska, Abortion (via Wikipedia): supported the 2016 Black Protest against tightening abortion law. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyna_Wojciechowska
32. ^ Martyna Wojciechowska, Migration: 2021 artists' appeal: keep the border tight, but let medical/humanitarian aid into the zone. Source: https://tvn24.pl/polska/kryzys-na-granicy-z-bialorusia-apel-artystow-i-biskupa-o-pomoc-uchodzcom-5496401
33. ^ Martyna Wojciechowska, Trans rights: called the detention of trans/non-binary activist Margot "a shame for Poland" (2020). Source: https://rozrywka.spidersweb.pl/margot-areszt-zamieszki-lgbt-rozenek-gonciarz-pugh
34. ^ Martyna Wojciechowska, Affiliation: Presenter (Kobieta na krańcu świata and earlier shows), TVN (2009–, Kobieta na krańcu świata). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyna_Wojciechowska
35. ^ Martyna Wojciechowska, Affiliation: Editor-in-chief, National Geographic Polska / National Geographic Traveler (2007–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyna_Wojciechowska
36. ^ Martyna Wojciechowska, Affiliation: Head editor, Kaleidoscope (travel monthly). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyna_Wojciechowska
37. ^ Anne Applebaum, Patriotism and nationalism: critic of illiberal, nostalgic nationalism of the right (Twilight of Democracy, 2020). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twilight_of_Democracy
38. ^ Anne Applebaum, Migration: Lukashenko weaponised migrants; Polish pushbacks immoral and illegal; criticised the closed zone (2021-11-13). Source: https://www.anneapplebaum.com/2021/11/13/the-manufactured-migrant-crisis-on-europes-doorstep/
39. ^ Anne Applebaum, “Great Replacement”: rejects: "a secret plot, believed to be orchestrated by Jews" — the central Identitarian myth (WaPo, May 2019). Source: https://skma.se/2019/05/anne-applebaum-om-hur-antisemitisk-rasistisk-propaganda-sprids-fran-identitara-rorelser-in-i-den-bredare-hogernationalistiska-faran/
40. ^ Anne Applebaum, LGB rights: anti-LGBT fear 'created from scratch' by propagandists, state TV and Church hierarchy (2020-07-13). Source: https://www.anneapplebaum.com/2020/07/13/polands-rulers-made-up-a-rainbow-plague/
41. ^ Anne Applebaum, Free speech: signed the Harper's open-debate letter (2020). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Letter_on_Justice_and_Open_Debate
42. ^ Anne Applebaum, Free speech (via a response article): 'The New Puritans': likens online shaming mobs to Puritan shunning (The Atlantic, 2021-08-31). Source: https://liberalcurrents.com/the-case-not-made-a-response-to-anne-applebaums-the-new-puritans
43. ^ Anne Applebaum, Religion in public life: the Polish Church's partisanship for the ruling party damaged it (Washington Post, 2018-10-19). Source: https://www.anneapplebaum.com/2018/10/19/in-poland-another-blow-to-the-catholic-church/
44. ^ Anne Applebaum, Islam (quoted in a critic's rebuttal): "The Muslim world's overreactions to these cartoons is indisputable"; blamed clerics and politicians who wanted riots (2006-02-09, rebuttal to her WaPo column of 2006-02-07). Source: https://www.captainsquartersblog.com/mt/archives/006307.php
45. ^ Anne Applebaum, Risks of migration and Islamism (mixed): after the Paris attacks: "Terrorism is caused not by refugees but by second-generation Muslims living in France and Belgium"; also "we don't know who's coming in" and this loss of control "is a problem"; in Europe descendants not treated as natives, which "creates resentment and problems"; urged screening at the borders (2015-11-20). Source: https://theglobeandmail.com/opinion/munk-debates/anne-applebaum-terrorism-is-caused-not-by-refugees/article27401591
46. ^ Anne Applebaum, Affiliation: Staff writer, The Atlantic (2020–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Applebaum
47. ^ Anne Applebaum, Affiliation: Senior fellow, Johns Hopkins University (SNF Agora Institute, SAIS). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Applebaum
48. ^ Anne Applebaum, Affiliation: Board member, National Endowment for Democracy. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Applebaum
49. ^ Anne Applebaum, Affiliation: Editorial board member, Journal of Democracy. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Applebaum
50. ^ Anne Applebaum, Affiliation: Professor of practice, London School of Economics, Institute for Global Affairs (2016–2019). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Applebaum
51. ^ Anne Applebaum, Affiliation: Editorial board member / columnist, The Washington Post (2002–2006, editorial board). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Applebaum
52. ^ M. Bilge Demirköz, Affiliation: Member (nominated by Türkiye), UN Independent International Scientific Panel on AI (2026–). Source: https://hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-female-scientist-elected-to-uns-ai-panel-218910 https://www.un.org/independent-international-scientific-panel-ai/en/panel-members
53. ^ M. Bilge Demirköz, Affiliation: Director, Middle East Technical University (METU/ODTÜ), IVMER. Source: https://hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-female-scientist-elected-to-uns-ai-panel-218910 https://fef.metu.edu.tr/en/node/84
54. ^ M. Bilge Demirköz, Affiliation: Professor, Middle East Technical University, Department of Physics. Source: https://hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-female-scientist-elected-to-uns-ai-panel-218910
55. ^ Etgar Keret, Patriotism and nationalism: "When you say Israel is committing genocide, it means you don't want to have any conversation" (2024). Source: https://k-larevue.com/en/feature-the-interviews-of-k
56. ^ Etgar Keret, Patriotism and nationalism: critic of Netanyahu's government: Israelis should fear Netanyahu more than Iran (2024). Source: https://www.avvenire.it/mondo/pagine/intervista-etgar-keret-israele
57. ^ Etgar Keret, Islam: "Hamas' dream is... to create some kind of Islamic state"; "not a nationalistic idea, it's a religious idea" (2024-06-14). Source: https://k-larevue.com/en/etgar-keret-interview/
58. ^ Etgar Keret, Islam: Pro-Hamas protests "gave rise to a negative image of Islam, not at all representative of this religion" (2024-06-14). Source: https://k-larevue.com/en/etgar-keret-interview/
59. ^ Etgar Keret, Islam: Conflict is "a clash between religious messianic groups and normal people"; groups Sinwar with Ben Gvir and evangelists (2024-06-14). Source: https://k-larevue.com/en/etgar-keret-interview/
60. ^ Etgar Keret, Criticism of Poles (mixed): Tygodnik Powszechny interview: "odwracanie głowy na widok antysemityzmu przedwojennego i wojennego było ogromnym błędem"; in Poland meets people who are "albo antysemitami, albo filosemitami"; but also called Polish frustration at the collaborator label "całkowicie zrozumiała" (2016-08-20). Source: https://www.tygodnikpowszechny.pl/cienka-czerwona-linia
61. ^ Etgar Keret, Affiliation: Lecturer, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etgar_Keret
62. ^ Etgar Keret, Affiliation: Lecturer, Tel Aviv University. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etgar_Keret
63. ^ Etgar Keret, Affiliation: Jury member, Neustadt International Prize for Literature (2010 cycle). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etgar_Keret
64. ^ Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Migration: announced "Project Wall" on the Russia border in 2014, partly "to stop illegal immigration". Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_barrier
65. ^ Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Affiliation: Chairman, Kyiv Security Forum. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk
66. ^ Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Affiliation: Founder and head, Open Ukraine Foundation (2007–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk
67. ^ Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Affiliation: Prime Minister, Government of Ukraine (2014–2016). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk
68. ^ Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Affiliation: Founder; head of political council, People's Front (party) (2014–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk
69. ^ Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Affiliation: Chairman, Verkhovna Rada (2007–2008). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk
70. ^ Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Affiliation: Minister of Foreign Affairs; earlier Minister of Economy, Government of Ukraine (2007; 2005–2006). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk
71. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Abortion: called Poland's anti-abortion law a "tragedy", "brutal and unbearable" (Variety, 2021). Source: https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/amid-abortion-law-protests-women-080530273.html
72. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Migration: Green Border (2023) depicts Belarus-border pushbacks; Ziobro likened it to Nazi propaganda. Source: https://www.rmf24.pl/fakty/polska/news-ziobro-musi-przeprosic-i-zaplacic-sad-wydal-wyrok,nId,8072735
73. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Migration from outside Europe: populist governments' main tool is creating fear of refugees (2023); fear of newcomers spreads easily (2024). Source: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/10/agnieszka-holland-polish-filmmaker-interview https://www.democracynow.org/2024/6/21/agnieszka_holland_green_border
74. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, LGB rights: (LGB, not trans-specific) reportedly said gay people symbolically replace the interwar Jew in Poland (hostile outlet). Source: https://www.rp.pl/plus-minus/art5667251-ciotka-rewolucji-moralnej
75. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Free speech: called Kaczyński's attack Orwellian; accused PiS of taking over cultural institutions (2019-02). Source: https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art1466201-agnieszka-holland-o-slowach-jaroslawa-kaczynskiego-oczernia-bliznich
76. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Religion in public life (Wikipedia, undated): Polish Catholicism moving 'w stronę wykluczającego fundamentalizmu' (undated). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnieszka_Holland
77. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Risks of migration and Islamism (mixed): rejects the view that without the fence Poland would be flooded by illegal migrants including terrorists; says the border treatment itself is "hodowlą terrorystów" ("a breeding ground for terrorists"): a beaten, humiliated young Syrian comes to hate Europe (Onet via Wprost, 2023-09-05). Source: https://www.wprost.pl/polityka/11378104/kryzys-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-agnieszka-holland-to-co-sie-tam-dzieje-jest-hodowla-terrorystow.html
78. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Criticism of Poles: 'There are things in Catholicism and Polish nationalism which are deeply anti-Semitic' (Cineaste, 1986); faulted Wajda's Korczak script for avoiding Polish antisemitism. Source: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41686850 https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnieszka_Holland
79. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Affiliation: President (board chair from 2014), European Film Academy (2020–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnieszka_Holland
80. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Affiliation: First president, Polish Film Academy (2008–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnieszka_Holland
81. ^ Agnieszka Irena Holland, Affiliation: Jury member, Venice International Film Festival (2024). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnieszka_Holland
82. ^ Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram, Collectivism vs individualism: co-founder of Wolne Sądy, opposed the PiS judicial overhaul. Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2026/07/23/poland-appoints-new-human-rights-commissioner/
83. ^ Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram, Free speech: hate speech is an RPO priority; criticised politicians casting LGBT+ people as "enemies". Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2026/07/23/poland-appoints-new-human-rights-commissioner/
84. ^ Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram, Affiliation: Commissioner, Commissioner for Human Rights (Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich), Poland (2026–). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylwia_Gregorczyk-Abram
85. ^ Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram, Affiliation: Chair, Ministry of Justice commission on repression of civil society 2015–2023 (2025–). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylwia_Gregorczyk-Abram
86. ^ Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram, Affiliation: Co-founder, Wolne Sądy (Free Courts initiative). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylwia_Gregorczyk-Abram
87. ^ Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram, Affiliation: Co-founder, Komitet Obrony Sprawiedliwości. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylwia_Gregorczyk-Abram
88. ^ Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram, Affiliation: Lawyer; head of pro bono practice, Clifford Chance (2006–2024). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylwia_Gregorczyk-Abram
89. ^ Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram, Affiliation: Board member, Stowarzyszenie im. Prof. Zbigniewa Hołdy. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylwia_Gregorczyk-Abram
90. ^ Ivan Krastev, Migration: in CEE, hostility to refugees with almost no refugees present: "ethnic solidarity" vs solidarity with the vulnerable (2018). Source: https://www.zois-berlin.de/en/publications/central-and-eastern-europeans-are-more-aware-of-the-fragility-of-everything-political
91. ^ Ivan Krastev, Migration from outside Europe: Eastern Europe's refusal of refugees is a 'compassion deficit', not a moral stance (2015); ageing Europe needs migrant labour (2024). Source: https://bghelsinki.org/en/?p=10081 https://cemm.at/news/detail/13th-cemm-smart-lecture-with-ivan-krastev
92. ^ Ivan Krastev, “Great Replacement”: populism driven by a 'demographic panic' of small nations, fed by emigration more than immigration (2018); does not name the theory. Source: https://www.oekb.at/oekb-gruppe/news-und-wissen/news/2018/interview-krastev.html
93. ^ Ivan Krastev, Islam: On refugees: "you can always pinpoint racist or religious factors because those elements are indeed real"; war explains Ukraine solidarity (2022-10-28). Source: https://munkschool.utoronto.ca/ceres/news/conversation-ivan-krastev
94. ^ Ivan Krastev, Risks of migration and Islamism (mixed): after the Cologne New Year's Eve assaults: anger was "a revolt against political correctness" because media and police kept a low profile; "The majority of Germans is scared, because what they see is a very different and hostile culture", but there is also "a huge fear of racist and xenophobic riots"; Syrian secular middle-class refugees "much better" than an expected wave from Afghanistan and Pakistan (2016-01-20). Source: https://eng.globalaffairs.ru/?p=12058
95. ^ Ivan Krastev, Affiliation: Chairman, Centre for Liberal Strategies, Sofia. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Krastev
96. ^ Ivan Krastev, Affiliation: Permanent fellow, Institute for Human Sciences (IWM), Vienna. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Krastev
97. ^ Ivan Krastev, Affiliation: Founding board member, European Council on Foreign Relations. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Krastev
98. ^ Ivan Krastev, Affiliation: Board of trustees member, International Crisis Group. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Krastev
99. ^ Ivan Krastev, Affiliation: Contributing opinion writer, The New York Times. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Krastev
100. ^ Ivan Krastev, Affiliation: Council member, International Institute for Strategic Studies (2005–2011). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Krastev
101. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Abortion: "I am for the right to abortion up to the 12th week" (debate, Apr 2025). Source: https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/artykuly/9786995,debata-prezydencka-trzaskowski-jestem-za-prawem-do-aborcji-do-12-tygodnia.html
102. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Abortion: condemned the 2020 Tribunal ruling, accused PiS of ruling against women mid-pandemic (2020-10-25). Source: https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/artykuly/1494385,trzaskowski-wyrok-tk-zakaz-aborcji.html
103. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Migration: 2021: opposed the border state of emergency, accused PiS of fearmongering about refugees. Source: https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/artykuly/8258428,trzaskowski-sytuacja-na-granicy-moze-byc-opanowana-bez-stanu-wyjatkowego.html
104. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Migration: 2025: claimed the EU migration pact "will never enter into force" for Poland, given its help to Ukrainians. Source: https://forsal.pl/kraj/polityka/artykuly/9806902,debata-prezydencka-centra-deportacji-kontra-pakt-migracyjny-nie-we.html
105. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Migration from outside Europe: won't apply the EU pact's relocation, 'nobody in Europe' can force Poland (2025); signed an interfaith appeal to help migrants at the Belarus border (2021). Source: https://wydarzenia.interia.pl/kraj/news-my-juz-wykonalismy-swoje-trzaskowski-jasno-o-pakcie-migracyj,nId,7906025 https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/polityka/artykuly/8295391,glinski-oswiadczenie-podpisane-przez-trzaskowskiego-i-duchownych-wpisuje-sie-w-dzialania-polityczne.html
106. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, DEI: signed the Warsaw LGBT+ Declaration (Feb 2019): anti-discrimination measures, WHO-standard sex education. Source: https://oko.press/deklaracja-lgbt-warszawy-sol-oku-prawicy
107. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, LGB rights: signed the Warsaw LGBT+ Declaration (2019-02-18); 'jestem za' a partnership law, its absence 'kompletna paranoja' (2025-04-28). Source: https://warszawa19115.pl/web/guest/-/prezydent-stolicy-podpisal-deklaracje-lgbt- https://polskieradio24.pl/artykul/3516566%2Caborcja-i-zwiazki-partnerskie-trzaskowski-jestem-za
108. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Trans rights: called Kaczyński's mockery of trans people "disgusting"; the 2019 declaration covers trans residents. Source: https://tvn24.pl/polska/jaroslaw-kaczynski-wysmiewa-osoby-transplciowe-rafal-trzaskowski-komentuje-st5777284
109. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Transition of minors: 'nikt nie przychodzi do szkoły i nie mówi dzieciom nic o tranzycji płci' (talk with Mentzen, 2025-05-24). Source: https://polskieradio24.pl/artykul/3528219%2Ctrzaskowski-walczy-o-glosy-rozmowa-ze-slawomirem-mentzenem
110. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, What is a woman: "under Polish law we have two biological sexes"; everyone deserves respect in how they are addressed (Feb 2025). Source: https://oko.press/trzaskowski-dwie-plcie-biologiczne
111. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Religion in public life: Order 822/2024: no religious symbols on walls/desks in public-facing areas of City Hall; personal worn symbols allowed (2024-05-08). Source: https://kadry.infor.pl/wiadomosci/6611729,symbole-religijne-w-miejscu-pracy.html https://demagog.org.pl/wypowiedzi/manipulacja-trzaskowskiego-w-sprawie-krzyzy-w-urzedach-wyjasniamy/
112. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Risks of migration and Islamism: "zero tolerance for foreigners who come into conflict with the law"; cited deportations and extra Warsaw patrols that he said reduced crimes by foreigners (2025-02-11); in the presidential debate: "deportujemy wszystkich, którzy łamią prawo" (2025-05-23). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2025/02/11/polish-government-and-presidential-candidate-declare-zero-tolerance-for-immigrant-criminals/ https://forsal.pl/kraj/polityka/artykuly/9806902,debata-prezydencka-centra-deportacji-kontra-pakt-migracyjny-nie-we.html
113. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Change of position (migration): Before (2021-09-29 / 2021-10-04): Opposed the PiS government's border state of emergency, saying it existed only to keep journalists out and that the border could be sealed without it; said the 'huge threat' did not yet exist and accused PiS of 'szczucie na uchodźców'; on 2021-10-04 (Onet, via Wprost) called the government's line an attempt at 'całkowitego odhumanizowania uchodźców, rodem z czasów faszystowskich' and urged humanitarian aid (water, medicine) at the border. Continuity caveat: in the same statements he also said the border must be secured and Poland must signal it 'nie będzie wpuszczać do UE niekontrolowanej fali migrantów'. After (2024-10-18 / 2025-05-08): Endorsed Tusk's proposal to temporarily suspend the right to asylum at the Belarus border, framing the pressure as hybrid war rather than spontaneous migration and saying the EU is not ready to take refugees when they are used as a weapon (Bielsko-Biała, 2024-10-18). In the 2025 campaign (Kanał Zero, 2025-05-08) said the eastern border should stay closed and cited the asylum suspension then in force: 'W tej chwili nikt się nie może ubiegać w Polsce o azyl' (rated false by Demagog as a factual claim). Source: https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/artykuly/8258428,trzaskowski-sytuacja-na-granicy-moze-byc-opanowana-bez-stanu-wyjatkowego.html https://www.wprost.pl/10502872 https://www.tvp.info/83040892/rafal-trzaskowski-przeciwko-migracji-padla-deklaracja-unia-europejska-nie-jest-gotowa-na-migracje https://demagog.org.pl/wypowiedzi/nikt-w-polsce-nie-moze-ubiegac-sie-o-azyl-to-falsz/
114. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Change of position (migration): Before (2015-09-10 / 2015-09-14 / 2015-09-22): As deputy foreign minister for EU affairs in the Kopacz government, defined Poland's stance on Syrian refugees as 'Solidarni na miarę naszych możliwości i po wypełnieniu pewnych warunków'; said the Juncker relocation plan 'zmierza w dobrym kierunku'; after the EU interior ministers' relocation decision announced that about 5,000 refugees would come to Poland under it. Caveat: he conditioned this on border security, screening and separating refugees from economic migrants, and preferred consensus over a majority vote. After (2025-02-04): As presidential candidate (Polsat News 'Gość Wydarzeń') rejected any relocation under the EU migration pact, arguing Poland had already done its part by helping Ukrainians: 'Niech nikomu w Europie się nie wydaje, że będzie nas do czegokolwiek zmuszał'; 'Nie zastosujemy się do tych zobowiązań dotyczących relokacji'. Context: the 2025 pact differs from the 2015 emergency scheme, and he justifies the change by the intake of Ukrainians. Source: https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/artykuly/893235,trzaskowski-o-uchodzcach-mielismy-do-czynienia-z-kryzysem-a-teraz-mamy-absolutna-katastrofe-humanitarna.html https://www.rmf24.pl/fakty/news-trzaskowski-propozycja-ke-ws-uchodzcow-idzie-w-dobrym-kierun,nId,1885563 https://www.dziennik.pl/tagi/przyjecie-imigrantow https://wydarzenia.interia.pl/kraj/news-my-juz-wykonalismy-swoje-trzaskowski-jasno-o-pakcie-migracyj,nId,7906025
115. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Affiliation: Mayor, City of Warsaw (2018–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Trzaskowski
116. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Affiliation: Vice-chairman (from 2020); member, Civic Platform / Civic Coalition (2004–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Trzaskowski
117. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Affiliation: Vice-chairman, European People's Party (2017–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Trzaskowski
118. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Affiliation: Member for Poland, European Parliament (2009–2013). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Trzaskowski
119. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Affiliation: Minister of Administration and Digitization; Secretary of State for European Affairs, Government of Poland (2013–2014; 2014–2015). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Trzaskowski
120. ^ Rafał Trzaskowski, Affiliation: Member, European Council on Foreign Relations. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Trzaskowski
121. ^ Masih Alinejad, Collectivism vs individualism: campaigns against the Iranian theocracy's coercion of individuals. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masih_Alinejad
122. ^ Masih Alinejad, Migration from outside Europe: Iran-run Islamic centres in Germany spread Khamenei's ideology; Europe must name Islamist terrorism (2025-26). Source: https://www.iranintl.com/en/202502162631 https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/29/masih-alinejad-sur-les-islamistes-leurope-est-devenue-un-terrain-de-chasse-pour-les-terror
123. ^ Masih Alinejad, Feminism: My Stealthy Freedom (2014) against compulsory hijab; accuses Western feminists/progressives of silence on Iran. Source: https://thecolgatemaroonnews.com/70314/news/journalist-masih-alinejad-challenges-western-silence-on-iran-at-kraynak-event/
124. ^ Masih Alinejad, LGB rights: (LGBTQ in general) condemns persecution and executions of LGBTQ people in Iran; Berlin Pride attack a wake-up call (2026). Source: https://de.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/29/masih-alinejad-islamisten-europa
125. ^ Masih Alinejad, Free speech: says Islamists and dictatorships attack "our freedom of expression"; critics of Islamism get silenced (2026). Source: https://de.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/29/masih-alinejad-islamisten-europa
126. ^ Masih Alinejad, Religion in public life: Opposes Iran's compulsory hijab laws; says hijab should be a personal choice.. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masih_Alinejad
127. ^ Masih Alinejad, Islam: Battle against the Islamic Republic, Taliban, "Islamic ideology, with Islamic terror"; forced hijab "a barbaric law" (2022-09-21). Source: https://jewishinsider.com/2022/09/masih-alinejad-iranian-dissident-modesty-laws-tehran-u-s/
128. ^ Masih Alinejad, Islam: Opposes Islamic ideology as political force, not Muslim people; "I can criticize Jesus... cannot criticize Muhammad?" (2026-04-28). Source: https://thecolgatemaroonnews.com/70314/news/journalist-masih-alinejad-challenges-western-silence-on-iran-at-kraynak-event/
129. ^ Masih Alinejad, Islam: Europe "a hunting ground for Islamist terrorists"; politicians must name the problem; Islamism "this cancer" threatens democracy (2026-07-29). Source: https://it.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/29/masih-alinejad-dopo-lattentato-a-berlino-leuropa-reagisca-al-terrorismo-islamista
130. ^ Masih Alinejad, “Islamophobia”: Rejects rising-Islamophobia argument for waiting: "When is the right time to talk about human rights?" (2019-02-07). Source: https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/news/masih-alinejad-and-roya-hakakian-feminism-and-freedom-iran
131. ^ Masih Alinejad, “Islamophobia”: Western progressives silent on abuses for fear of being called Islamophobic; distinguishes this from anti-Muslim bigotry (2026-04-28). Source: https://thecolgatemaroonnews.com/70314/news/journalist-masih-alinejad-challenges-western-silence-on-iran-at-kraynak-event/
132. ^ Masih Alinejad, “Islamophobia”: Opposed Ilhan Omar's anti-Islamophobia bill in a Washington Post op-ed (reported; original not opened) (2022). Source: https://thecolgatemaroonnews.com/70314/news/journalist-masih-alinejad-challenges-western-silence-on-iran-at-kraynak-event/
133. ^ Masih Alinejad, Risks of migration and Islamism: after Rushdie was stabbed: "There's been a fatwa on Salman Rushdie from Khomeini since 1989 and the Islamic Republic of Iran never backed off the fatwa"; regime supporters "threaten me with the same fate" (2022-08-13). Source: https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/08/activists-accuse-iran-responsibility-rushdie-attack
134. ^ Masih Alinejad, Risks of migration and Islamism: answers the charge of provoking Islamophobia: "tengo miedo por las leyes islámicas" ("I am afraid of Islamic laws"); was told God would hang her by her own hair if she removed the hijab (El Debate, 2022-08-15; quotes from her earlier video). Source: https://www.eldebate.com/internacional/20220815/masih-alinejad-periodista-irani-alza-voz-dicen-promuevo-islamofobia-estoy-asustada-islamismo-54616_54616.html
135. ^ Masih Alinejad, Affiliation: Presenter/producer (Tablet), Voice of America Persian (2015–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masih_Alinejad
136. ^ Masih Alinejad, Affiliation: Founder of campaign, My Stealthy Freedom (2014–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masih_Alinejad
137. ^ Masih Alinejad, Affiliation: Contributing editor, IranWire. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masih_Alinejad
138. ^ Masih Alinejad, Affiliation: Correspondent, Radio Farda. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masih_Alinejad
139. ^ Masih Alinejad, Affiliation: Member, Women, Life, Freedom coalition (2022–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masih_Alinejad
140. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Collectivism vs individualism: architect of Poland's 1989 shock-therapy market reforms; free-market liberal. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz
141. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Patriotism and nationalism: the slogan 'tylko dewaluuje ważne słowo', Gierek-style propaganda (2018-01-24). Source: https://www.rp.pl/publicystyka/art2158571-leszek-balcerowicz-znow-mamy-propagande-w-stylu-gierka
142. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Migration from outside Europe: called PiS's refugee campaign 'kampania nienawiści i fałszu' (2015-09-17). Source: https://www.rp.pl/kraj/art4308591-pis-ws-uchodzcow-kampania-nienawisci-i-falszu
143. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Affiliation: Founder; chairman of the council, Civil Development Forum (FOR) (2007–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz
144. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Affiliation: Professor, SGH Warsaw School of Economics. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz
145. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Affiliation: Board member, Bruegel (2008–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz
146. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Affiliation: President, National Bank of Poland (2001–2007). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz
147. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Affiliation: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Government of Poland (1989–1991; 1997–2000). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz
148. ^ Leszek Balcerowicz, Affiliation: Chairman, Freedom Union (Unia Wolności) (1995–2000). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz
149. ^ Michael Beckley, Affiliation: Director / Head of Research, Asia Program, Foreign Policy Research Institute. Source: https://www.fpri.org/contributor/michael-beckley/
150. ^ Michael Beckley, Affiliation: Associate Professor of Political Science, Tufts University. Source: https://www.fpri.org/contributor/michael-beckley/
151. ^ Michael Beckley, Affiliation: Nonresident Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute. Source: https://www.fpri.org/contributor/michael-beckley/
152. ^ Michael Beckley, Affiliation: International Security Fellow (former), Harvard Kennedy School. Source: https://www.fpri.org/contributor/michael-beckley/
153. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Collectivism vs individualism: The UnPopulist defends "open liberal societies" against populist authoritarianism. Source: https://www.mercatus.org/scholars/shikha-dalmia
154. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Migration: argues for open borders: sealing borders means "we can't be a free country" (2012). Source: https://oberlinreview.org/2678/news/off-the-cuff-with-shikha-dalmia-policy-analyst/
155. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Migration from outside Europe: a 21st-century Ellis Island: dual-intent visas, higher flexible quotas (2019-10-28). Source: https://reason.com/2019/10/28/america-needs-a-21st-century-equivalent-of-the-ellis-island-open-border-immigration-policy/
156. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Islam: India's Muslims show Hirsi Ali's "warnings about Islam are misplaced"; "fear-mongering won't produce the reformation" (2015-04-15). Source: https://reason.com/2015/04/15/indian-muslims-show-why-ayaan-hirsi-alis/
157. ^ Shikha Dalmia, “Islamophobia”: Anti-Muslim tropes in America "have always been popular in India, and it's led to a lot of bloodshed" (2016-10). Source: https://reason.com/2016/10/01/contributors-4/
158. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Affiliation: President / head, Institute for the Study of Modern Authoritarianism. Source: https://www.mackinac.org/bio.aspx?ID=477
159. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Affiliation: Founder and editor, The UnPopulist. Source: https://www.mackinac.org/bio.aspx?ID=477
160. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Affiliation: Visiting fellow (former), Mercatus Center. Source: https://www.mercatus.org/scholars/shikha-dalmia
161. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Affiliation: Senior analyst (former), Reason Foundation. Source: https://reason.org/author/shikha-dalmia/ https://www.mackinac.org/bio.aspx?ID=477
162. ^ Shikha Dalmia, Affiliation: Editorial writer, The Detroit News (1996–2004). Source: https://www.mackinac.org/bio.aspx?ID=477
163. ^ Antoni Dudek, Affiliation: Professor, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (UKSW) (2014–). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Dudek
164. ^ Antoni Dudek, Affiliation: Scientific Council member, Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences (2015–). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Dudek
165. ^ Antoni Dudek, Affiliation: Board member, then council co-chair, Inkubator Umowy Społecznej (2018–). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Dudek
166. ^ Antoni Dudek, Affiliation: Member; chair from 2015, Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) Council (2011–2016). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Dudek
167. ^ Antoni Dudek, Affiliation: Department head; adviser to the president, Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) (2000–2010). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Dudek
168. ^ Antoni Dudek, Affiliation: Academic staff; department head, Jagiellonian University (1989–2014). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Dudek
169. ^ Marta Grzywacz, Affiliation: Journalist, Halo.Radio (2020–). Source: https://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/lekkie/marta-grzywacz-byla-gwiazda-wiadomosci-i-miala-romans-ze-slynnym-przestepca-bagsikiem-teraz-moze-byc-dumna-z-corki-aa-pEE8-mVfq-d2Uq.html
170. ^ Marta Grzywacz, Affiliation: Journalist, RMF FM (2006–2012). Source: https://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/lekkie/marta-grzywacz-byla-gwiazda-wiadomosci-i-miala-romans-ze-slynnym-przestepca-bagsikiem-teraz-moze-byc-dumna-z-corki-aa-pEE8-mVfq-d2Uq.html
171. ^ Marta Grzywacz, Affiliation: Reporter and presenter, TVP (Wiadomości) (1990s, over 7 years). Source: https://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/lekkie/marta-grzywacz-byla-gwiazda-wiadomosci-i-miala-romans-ze-slynnym-przestepca-bagsikiem-teraz-moze-byc-dumna-z-corki-aa-pEE8-mVfq-d2Uq.html
172. ^ Joanna Gutral, Affiliation: Researcher and lecturer (statistics, research methodology), SWPS University. Source: https://english.swps.pl/joanna-gutral-sutherland
173. ^ Joanna Gutral, Affiliation: Member; secretary of scientific-educational committee, Polish Association for Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy. Source: https://malawielkafirma.pl/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/co-z-ta-terapia-gutral-grzelakowska-kostoglu-bw-Joanna-Gutral.pdf
174. ^ Joanna Gutral, Affiliation: Host, Gutral Gada (podcast). Source: https://english.swps.pl/joanna-gutral-sutherland
175. ^ Maciej Herman, DEI: diversity improves results; "rejecting diversity shows intellectual deficits"; would lose clients to keep values (Apr 2026). Source: https://xyz.pl/maciej-herman-wartosci-kosztuja-czasem-trzeba-stracic-klienta-zeby-nie-stracic-kregoslupa-ceo-lotte-wedel-gosciem-podcastu-jestes-marka-leadership-factor/
176. ^ Maciej Herman, Affiliation: CEO / managing director; earlier sales and marketing director, LOTTE Wedel (E. Wedel) (2008–). Source: https://www.wiadomoscihandlowe.pl/przemysl-i-producenci/rynek-slodyczy-i-przekasek/maciej-herman-ceo-lotte-wedel-na-retail-trends-2023-nie-zaluje-decyzji-o-wycofaniu-sie-z-dzialalnosci-w-rosji-i-na-bialorusi-2447419 https://www.wiadomoscihandlowe.pl/konferencje/konferencje-wydawnictwa-gospodarczego/maciej-herman-dyrektor-zarzadzajacy-lotte-wedel-gosciem-specjalnym-retail-fmcg-congress-2021-2398658
177. ^ Luke Kemp, Collectivism vs individualism: inequality and concentrated power ("Goliaths") drive collapse; democratic societies more resilient; proposes citizens' assemblies, wealth taxes. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath%27s_Curse
178. ^ Luke Kemp, Affiliation: Research Associate / Research Affiliate, Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge. Source: https://www.csap.cam.ac.uk/network/luke-kemp https://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/about/people/luke-kemp/
179. ^ Luke Kemp, Affiliation: Honorary lecturer in environmental policy, Australian National University. Source: https://www.csap.cam.ac.uk/network/luke-kemp
180. ^ Luke Kemp, Affiliation: Senior economist (former), Vivid Economics. Source: https://www.csap.cam.ac.uk/network/luke-kemp
181. ^ Luke Kemp, Affiliation: Visiting fellow, Cascade Institute. Source: https://aeon.co/users/luke-kemp
182. ^ Jarosław Kurski, Affiliation: (First) deputy editor-in-chief; a December 2024 source calls him former deputy editor, Gazeta Wyborcza. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta_Wyborcza https://www.wprost.pl/10022646 https://www.se.pl/temat/jaroslaw-kurski,tg-NpHq-m6bN-HjjV/
183. ^ Jacob Kushner, Patriotism and nationalism: critical of violent ethno-nationalism (NSU campaign "to rid Germany of immigrants"); also covers police blaming immigrant victims. Source: https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/jacob-kushner/look-away/9781668641859/
184. ^ Jacob Kushner, Affiliation: Fellow, Heinrich Böll Foundation (North America). Source: https://us.boell.org/en/node/5269
185. ^ Jacob Kushner, Affiliation: Grantee journalist, Pulitzer Center. Source: https://pulitzercenter.org/node/376
186. ^ Jacob Kushner, Affiliation: Visiting professor, Columbia Journalism School. Source: https://journalism.columbia.edu/directory/jacob-kushner
187. ^ Jacob Kushner, Affiliation: Fulbright scholar, Fulbright Germany. Source: https://csl.mpg.de/661497/Flyer.pdf
188. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Abortion: signed the 1996 liberalisation allowing abortion on social grounds to 12 weeks (20 Nov 1996). Source: https://rferl.org/a/1081460.html
189. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Patriotism and nationalism: apologised at Jedwabne (2001) for Poles' crime on Jewish neighbours; reaffirmed in 2026. Source: https://www.rferl.org/a/1344115.html https://www.eska.pl/news/polityka/aleksander-kwasniewski-nie-zaluje-przeprosin-za-jedwabne-uderza-w-grzegorza-brauna-aa-g5nW-4Ppf-3ss3.html
190. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Migration: Belarus border 2021: migrants "must be helped" while Poland keeps border control. Source: https://www.rp.pl/kraj/art18836631-kwasniewski-o-migrantach-pod-granica-trzeba-im-pomoc
191. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Migration from outside Europe: 'we cannot say no to refugees'; 10,000 Muslims making Poland Muslim is 'totally impossible' (2015). Source: https://www.novinite.com/articles/172301/Aleksander+Kwasniewski%3A+For+Bulgaria%2C+Poland+Refugee+Problem+Is+Artificial
192. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, LGB rights: climate for same-sex partnerships but not marriage or adoption (2019-03-20); told Replika he supports marriage equality (2022-08). Source: https://wiadomosci.wp.pl/aleksander-kwasniewski-o-lgbt-6361475586242177v https://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/lekkie/kwasniewski-skomentowal-slowa-kaczynskiego-o-transplciowosci-odwolal-sie-do-serialu-o-drag-queen-aa-kLc1-6woM-YyaL.html
193. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Trans rights: 'wypowiedzi obskuranckie, głupie, zupełnie pozbawione wrażliwości' (2022-08-09). Source: https://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/lekkie/kwasniewski-skomentowal-slowa-kaczynskiego-o-transplciowosci-odwolal-sie-do-serialu-o-drag-queen-aa-kLc1-6woM-YyaL.html
194. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Religion in public life (act as head of state): as president signed the ratification of the 1993 Concordat with the Holy See (1998-02-23). Source: https://www.prezydent.pl/kancelaria/archiwum/archiwum-aleksandra-kwasniewskiego/aktualnosci/rok-2000-i-starsze/podpisanie-konkordatu%2C32429%2Carchive
195. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Criticism of Poles: at Jedwabne: Polish citizens killed by fellow citizens; 'I apologise in my own name' (2001-07-10); the League of Polish Families accused him of 'stoning the Polish nation'. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedwabne_pogrom
196. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Affiliation: President, President of the Republic of Poland (1995–2005). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski
197. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Affiliation: Founding member and first chairman, Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (SdRP) (1990–1995). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski
198. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Affiliation: Co-founder; head of parliamentary caucus, Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) (1991–1995). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski
199. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Affiliation: Chairman, European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation (2008–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski
200. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Affiliation: Board director, Burisma Holdings (c. 2014–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski
201. ^ Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Affiliation: Chair, Eastern Europe and Central Asia Commission on Drugs (2020–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski
202. ^ Gerd Leonhard, Affiliation: Founder and CEO, The Futures Agency (2010–). Source: https://futuristgerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2019-Gerd-Leonhard-Biography-FINAL.pdf
203. ^ Gerd Leonhard, Affiliation: Founder, The Good Future Project. Source: https://lifeboat.com/ex/bios.gerd.leonhard
204. ^ Gerd Leonhard, Affiliation: Visiting professor, Fundação Dom Cabral. Source: https://mmaglobal.com/node/24067
205. ^ Szymon Majewski, Affiliation: Host, Radio Zet (1990–2005, 2014–). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szymon_Majewski
206. ^ Szymon Majewski, Affiliation: Host (Mamy cię!, Szymon Majewski Show, Szymon na żywo), TVN (2004–2012). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szymon_Majewski
207. ^ Szymon Majewski, Affiliation: Co-host of Szymorning, Radio Eska (2012–2014). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szymon_Majewski
208. ^ Adam Michnik, Collectivism vs individualism: anti-communist dissident, imprisoned; co-founder of independent Gazeta Wyborcza. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Michnik
209. ^ Adam Michnik, Patriotism and nationalism: at a Łódź lecture called nationalist hecklers fascists/nationalists (reported critically by Rz); credits father with teaching pluralism. Source: https://www.rp.pl/opinie-polityczno-spoleczne/art5448931-patriotyzm-to-nie-faszyzm-pisze-irena-lasota https://dzieje.pl/wiadomosci/michnik-zawsze-trzeba-wladzy-patrzec-na-rece-wywiad
210. ^ Adam Michnik, Migration: Mickiewicz Prize speech in Paris: called the refugee drama a moral test; politicians' claim that Poland cannot afford 10,000 refugees is "lęk przed ksenofobią i wyraz tej ksenofobii", "bezmyślne i szkodliwe" (2015-10-01). Source: https://natemat.pl/156507,michnik-polski-nie-stac-na-przyjecie-10-tys-uchodzcow-to-lek-przed-ksenofobia-i-wyraz-ksenofobii
211. ^ Adam Michnik, Migration (as reported by Niezależna): Die Welt interview as reported by Niezależna: warned of "wybuch postaw ksenofobicznych" over refugees; called PiS's stance "nacjonalistyczne, ksenofobiczne i zakłamane"; Merkel's approach "szlachetne i mądre" (report 2015-09-19; Die Welt original not opened). Source: https://niezalezna.pl/polska/71065-ksenofobiczna-histeria-michnik-poskarzyl-sie-niemieckiej-gazecie-na-pis-i-polakow/71065
212. ^ Adam Michnik, Free speech: press-freedom record inferred from dissident/independent-press career; "power must always be watched" (2026 PAP interview, dzieje.pl above). Inferred, no link.
213. ^ Adam Michnik, Religion in public life: removing the Sejm cross would be absurd, 'krzyż nikogo nie rani'; warned against religious conflict in politics (2013-12-11). Source: https://kulturaliberalna.pl/2014/01/28/miejsca-kosciola-liberalnej-demokracji-skrocony-zapis-debaty/
214. ^ Adam Michnik, Affiliation: Leader of the left-wing student opposition group, Komandosi (1960s). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Michnik
215. ^ Adam Michnik, Affiliation: Co-founder and editor-in-chief, Gazeta Wyborcza (a left-liberal daily) (1989–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Michnik https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta_Wyborcza
216. ^ Adam Michnik, Affiliation: Opposition activist, Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) (late 1970s). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Michnik
217. ^ Adam Michnik, Affiliation: Adviser (Mazovia Region), Solidarity (NSZZ Solidarność) (1980–1989). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Michnik
218. ^ Adam Michnik, Affiliation: Member of parliament, Contract Sejm (Solidarity Citizens' Committee list) (1989). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Michnik
219. ^ Adam Michnik, Affiliation: Member, Council on Foreign Relations. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Michnik
220. ^ Adam Michnik, Affiliation: Commission member, Reporters Without Borders, Information and Democracy Commission. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Michnik
221. ^ Zygmunt Miłoszewski, Collectivism vs individualism: calls himself left in the sense "take my money", believes in paying taxes; "Poland's dispute is right vs right" (TVN, Sep 2020). Source: https://rozrywka.spidersweb.pl/zygmunt-miloszewski-kuba-wojewodzki-rafal-paczes-tvn-talk-show
222. ^ Zygmunt Miłoszewski, Abortion (via Wikipedia): in an unwanted pregnancy would go abroad with his wife or daughter for the procedure (2021-02-13). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Mi%C5%82oszewski
223. ^ Zygmunt Miłoszewski, LGB rights (LGB, not trans-specific): says the right steers national anger into a "hunt for gays"; push the other way (same source). Source, no link.
224. ^ Zygmunt Miłoszewski, Religion in public life (as reported by Do Rzeczy): Facebook post after the Constitutional Tribunal abortion ruling, reported by Do Rzeczy: "naszym wrogiem [...] jest Kościół katolicki"; called to "iść na wojnę" and stop "karmić potwora" (post Oct 2020; report 2020-10-26). Source: https://dorzeczy.pl/kraj/158609/miloszewski-o-wyroku-tk-wrogiem-jest-kosciol.html
225. ^ Zygmunt Miłoszewski, Criticism of Poles: Interview (Words Without Borders, in English translation): pride in national glory counts only with "shame for our moments of disgrace"; "the attitudes of some Poles to the Jews during and after the Nazi occupation was one such moment of disgrace" (2013-03). Source: https://wordswithoutborders.org/read/article/2013-03/an-interview-with-zygmunt-mioszewski/
226. ^ Zygmunt Miłoszewski, Affiliation: Co-founder; board secretary, Unia Literacka (writers' association) (2020–). Source: https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/zygmunt-miloszewski-doszlo-do-czegos-co-nazywamy-stanem-kleski-zywiolowej-w-literaturze
227. ^ Zygmunt Miłoszewski, Affiliation: Journalist (former), Newsweek Polska. Source: https://en.conradfestival.pl/biogram/zygmunt-miloszewski
228. ^ Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Collectivism vs individualism: leads democratic opposition against Lukashenka since 2020. Source: https://cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/download/6167/3068
229. ^ Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Migration: 2021: Lukashenka "fully responsible for the hybrid attack" on Poland/EU; migrants are hostages; 2024 urged Poland not to close crossings. Source: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1942546/world https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34747
230. ^ Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Affiliation: President/head, Coordination Council (Belarus) (2020–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya
231. ^ Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Affiliation: Head, United Transitional Cabinet of Belarus (2022–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya
232. ^ Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Affiliation: National Leader, Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya
233. ^ Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Affiliation: Independent candidate, 2020 Belarusian presidential election (2020). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sviatlana_Tsikhanouskaya
234. ^ Adam Mirek, Affiliation: Runs workshops with the foundation (role not specified), Fundacja Poznawcza. Source: https://www.taniaksiazka.pl/bebechy-czyli-cialo-czlowieka-pod-lupa-2025-p-2310842.html?gap=1
235. ^ Adam Mirek, Affiliation: Listed creator, TikTok Discover List 2025 (Educators) (2025). Source: https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/polak-wsrod-50-najwazniejszych-swiatowych-tworcow-na-tiktoku
236. ^ Tom G. Palmer, Collectivism vs individualism: libertarian individualist; 2017 lecture calls leftist identity politics a threat to individualism. Source: https://archive.libertarianism.org/media/around-web/anti-libertarian-ideologies-march-existential-threat-liberty
237. ^ Tom G. Palmer, Collectivism vs individualism: Realizing Freedom (Cato, 2009): essays against collectivism and the 'myths of individualism'. Source: https://www.cato.org/books/realizing-freedom
238. ^ Tom G. Palmer, Patriotism and nationalism: same 2017 lecture: warns of re-emerging "nationalist, racist collectivism" like 1920s-40s fascism (same URL). Source, no link.
239. ^ Tom G. Palmer, Islam (reposted blog text): "Find and kill all of them before they kill all the rest of us, Muslim and non-Muslim alike" (reposted blog text) (2004-07-01). Source: https://antiwar.com/blog/?p=1106
240. ^ Tom G. Palmer, Affiliation: Executive vice president for international programs; general director of Atlas Global Initiative, Atlas Network (2009–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_G._Palmer
241. ^ Tom G. Palmer, Affiliation: Senior fellow; former vice president for international programs; director of Cato University, Cato Institute. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_G._Palmer
242. ^ Tom G. Palmer, Affiliation: Vice president (former), Institute for Humane Studies. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_G._Palmer
243. ^ Tom G. Palmer, Affiliation: Member (category listing only), Mont Pelerin Society. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_G._Palmer
244. ^ Cezary Pazura, Affiliation: President of the board, Stowarzyszenie Aktorów Filmowych i Telewizyjnych (SAFT) (2005–2013). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezary_Pazura
245. ^ Cezary Pazura, Affiliation: Public supporter; said in 2010 he regretted it, Aleksander Kwaśniewski's presidential campaign (2000). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezary_Pazura
246. ^ Cezary Pazura, Affiliation: Ambassador, Government campaign #SzczepimySię (2020). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezary_Pazura
247. ^ Cezary Pazura, Affiliation: Member (hunting club), Koło łowieckie „Dzik” (Człuchów). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezary_Pazura
248. ^ Marcin Piątkowski, Migration: has long argued Poland must open to immigration or age and fail to get rich; ~5 m workers short by 2050 (2022). Source: https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/podcasty/obiektywnie-o-biznesie/podcast/8396855,marcin-piatkowski-do-2050-roku-zabraknie-nam-5-mln-rak-do-pracy-podcast.html
249. ^ Marcin Piątkowski, Affiliation: Lead Economist, World Bank. Source: https://www.efcongress.com/osoby/marcin-piatkowski/
250. ^ Marcin Piątkowski, Affiliation: Professor of Economics, Kozminski University. Source: https://www.efcongress.com/osoby/marcin-piatkowski/
251. ^ Marcin Piątkowski, Affiliation: Chief Economist and Managing Director, PKO BP (2008). Source: https://www.efcongress.com/osoby/marcin-piatkowski/ https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcin_Pi%C4%85tkowski
252. ^ Marcin Piątkowski, Affiliation: Economist, European Department; adviser to an Executive Director, International Monetary Fund (2004–2008). Source: https://www.efcongress.com/osoby/marcin-piatkowski/ https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcin_Pi%C4%85tkowski
253. ^ Marcin Piątkowski, Affiliation: Adviser to Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Grzegorz Kołodko, Ministry of Finance of Poland (2002–2003). Source: https://www.efcongress.com/osoby/marcin-piatkowski/ https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcin_Pi%C4%85tkowski
254. ^ Andrzej Poczobut, Affiliation: Deputy chairman, Union of Poles in Belarus (2016–). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Poczobut
255. ^ Andrzej Poczobut, Affiliation: Correspondent in Hrodna, Gazeta Wyborcza. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Poczobut
256. ^ Andrzej Poczobut, Affiliation: Journalist, Narodnaja Volya. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Poczobut
257. ^ Andrzej Poczobut, Affiliation: Journalist, Głos znad Niemna; Magazyn Polski. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Poczobut
258. ^ Joanna Przetakiewicz-Rooijens, Affiliation: Founder, Era Nowych Kobiet (Era of New Women) (c. 2015/2018–). Source: https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/pl/content/era-nowych-kobiet https://bip.brpo.gov.pl/pl/osoba/joanna-przetakiewicz
259. ^ Joanna Przetakiewicz-Rooijens, Affiliation: Founder, La Mania (fashion house) (2010–). Source: https://fashionbiznes.pl/joanna-przetakiewicz-wartosc-wizerunkowa-i-biznesy/
260. ^ Joanna Przetakiewicz-Rooijens, Affiliation: Founder, Vita-Dent (dental clinic network) (1992–). Source: https://superbiz.se.pl/wiadomosci/joanna-przetakiewicz-buty-majatek-zarobki-wyksztalcenie-aa-ZxQ2-d81b-kJBo
261. ^ Helena Rosenblatt, Collectivism vs individualism: argues liberalism was originally about civic virtue, duty and the common good; atomistic-rights version came later (Cold War). Source: https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/what-they-meant-on-helena-rosenblatts-the-lost-history-of-liberalism-from-ancient-rome-to-the-twenty-first-century https://4liberty.eu/lost-history-of-liberalism-with-helena-rosenblatt-podcast/
262. ^ Helena Rosenblatt, Affiliation: Distinguished Professor of History, The Graduate Center, CUNY. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Rosenblatt
263. ^ Helena Rosenblatt, Affiliation: Board of Editors member, The Tocqueville Review. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Rosenblatt
264. ^ Helena Rosenblatt, Affiliation: Board of Editors member, Global Intellectual History Review. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Rosenblatt
265. ^ Helena Rosenblatt, Affiliation: Guggenheim Fellow, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (2019). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Rosenblatt
266. ^ Helena Rosenblatt, Affiliation: Fellow, National Humanities Center (2000-2001). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Rosenblatt
267. ^ Becca Rothfeld, Feminism: feminist critique: consent is a minimal standard; neglect of female pleasure; draws on Srinivasan. Source: https://bostonreview.net/philosophy-religion-law-justice-gender-sexuality/becca-rothfeld-pleasure-and-justice
268. ^ Becca Rothfeld, Free speech: Jacobin 2020: "cancel culture" firings are a product of at-will employment (labour-left framing, not anti-woke). Source: https://jacobinmag.com/2020/10/at-will-employment-twitter-cancel-culture-academic-workers-fired-students
269. ^ Becca Rothfeld, Affiliation: Staff writer, The New Yorker (2026-). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becca_Rothfeld https://www.beccarothfeld.com/book.html
270. ^ Becca Rothfeld, Affiliation: Editor, The Point. Source: https://www.beccarothfeld.com/book.html
271. ^ Becca Rothfeld, Affiliation: Non-fiction book critic, The Washington Post (2023-2026). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becca_Rothfeld
272. ^ Michał Rusinek, Affiliation: Professor (Department of Literary Theory; Department of Communication Theory from 2022), Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Polish Studies. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Rusinek_(literaturoznawca)
273. ^ Michał Rusinek, Affiliation: President, Wisława Szymborska Foundation (2012-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Rusinek_(literaturoznawca)
274. ^ Michał Rusinek, Affiliation: Full active member, Polish Academy of Learning (PAU), Division VI (2025-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Rusinek_(literaturoznawca)
275. ^ Michał Rusinek, Affiliation: Member, 7th term, Polish Language Council (Rada Języka Polskiego) (2019-2022). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Rusinek_(literaturoznawca)
276. ^ Michał Rusinek, Affiliation: Member, Unia Literacka. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Rusinek_(literaturoznawca)
277. ^ Michał Rusinek, Affiliation: Collaborator, Radio Nowy Świat (2020-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Rusinek_(literaturoznawca)
278. ^ Piotr Sankowski, Affiliation: Director/President, IDEAS Research Institute (IDEAS Instytut Badawczy) (2025-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Sankowski
279. ^ Piotr Sankowski, Affiliation: Professor, University of Warsaw, Institute of Informatics. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Sankowski
280. ^ Piotr Sankowski, Affiliation: Member, UN Independent International Scientific Panel on AI (2026-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Sankowski
281. ^ Piotr Sankowski, Affiliation: Member, Rada Przyszłości (Future Council, appointed by PM Donald Tusk) (2026-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Sankowski
282. ^ Piotr Sankowski, Affiliation: President, IDEAS NCBR (2021-2024). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Sankowski
283. ^ Wilhelm Sasnal, Patriotism and nationalism: says Poles must confront Polish participation in murder of Jews; critical of national self-image. Source: https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/06/18/polish-artist-confronts-countrys-difficulty-in-addressing-holocaust
284. ^ Wilhelm Sasnal, Criticism of Poles: Told AP that wartime wrongdoing by Poles such as Jedwabne was "extremely shocking" ("I felt anger and shame"); "People totally refuse, and this is the mainstream Polish government attitude" (2021-06-17, POLIN exhibition). Source: https://www.ynetnews.com/article/H1XnSROoO
285. ^ Wilhelm Sasnal, Affiliation: Collaborating artist, Foksal Gallery Foundation (Fundacja Galerii Foksal). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Sasnal
286. ^ Wilhelm Sasnal, Affiliation: Collaborator, Krytyka Polityczna. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Sasnal
287. ^ Wilhelm Sasnal, Affiliation: Collaborator, Stowarzyszenie 'Nigdy Więcej' (anti-racist association). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Sasnal
288. ^ Wilhelm Sasnal, Affiliation: Co-founder/member, Grupa Ładnie (artists' group) (1996-2001). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Sasnal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Sasnal
289. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Collectivism vs individualism: anti-communist: asylum in UK 1982 after martial law; reported Afghan war against Soviets; book "Strefa zdekomunizowana". Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski
290. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Abortion: supports legal abortion to 12 weeks; would sign such a law as president (2024 primary). Source: https://oko.press/radoslaw-sikorski-dla-oko-press-jesli-wygram-wybory-szefem-msz-moglby-zostac-trzaskowski
291. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Patriotism and nationalism: 'Nacjonalizm jest szkodliwy dla narodu' (2025-05-02). Source: https://wiadomosci.dziennik.pl/polityka/artykuly/9789539%2Cradoslaw-sikorski-nacjonalizm-jest-szkodliwy-dla-narodu.html
292. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Migration: Belarus/Russia instrumentalise migrants as hybrid attack to boost far right; "we won't tolerate it"; backs border closure options. Source: https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/zmierza-do-rozsadzenia-ue-od-srodka-szef-msz-o-akcjach-rosji-i-bialorusi https://www.kyivpost.com/post/34747
293. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Migration: criticised EU migration pact; Poland should be compensated for hosting refugees (Feb 2025). Source: https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7785/Artykul/3482967,polish-fm-criticizes-eu-migration-pact
294. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Migration from outside Europe: blamed the PiS visa scandal for irregular flows; 'real students for real studies'; says 98% of illegal crossings fail (2024-25). Source: https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/prawdziwi-studenci-na-prawdziwe-studia-sikorski-o-aferze-wizowej-7099346483923584a.html https://xyz.pl/?p=75421
295. ^ Radosław Sikorski, LGB rights (indirect): supports civil partnerships: told the Left they would have them already if not "radical" (partnerships are a same-sex issue, not trans). Source: https://oko.press/sikorski-do-lewicy-gdybyscie-nie-byli-radykalni-mielibyscie-juz-zwiazki-partnerskie-serio
296. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Free speech: At the Munich Security Conference: "We believe in freedom of speech with responsibility"; advocating fascism or communism is banned in Poland; rejected the US vice president's claim that Europe's free-speech concept is censorship (2026-02-14). Source: https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7785/artykul/3648124,poland’s-sikorski-says-us-is-trying-to-impose-its-values-on-europe
297. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Religion in public life: Said bishops should stay out of party politics, citing the concordat's mutual church-state autonomy (2025).. Source: https://polskieradio.pl/395/7784/Artykul/3552408 https://www.tvp.info/87889948/minister-spraw-zagranicznych-radoslaw-sikorski-o-kosciele-tvp-info-pytanie-dnia
298. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Risks of migration and Islamism (mixed): amid reports of a "refugee invasion" and harassment in Zamość: "Anti-immigrant hysteria harms Poland, it awakens the worst demons"; Poland has "the right to control the borders by authorised services" (2025-07-13). Source: https://www.euronews.com/2025/07/13/polish-minister-of-foreign-affairs-sikorski-anti-immigrant-hysteria-harms-poland
299. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Criticism of Poles (via Wikipedia): on Poles in the Holocaust: some 'behaved heroically and others behaved like scum' (Haaretz, 2011-02). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski
300. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Affiliation: Deputy Prime Minister, Government of Poland (2025-). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski
301. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Affiliation: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland (2023–, also 2007–2014). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski
302. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Affiliation: Member, Civic Platform / Civic Coalition (2007-). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski
303. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Affiliation: MEP; chair of delegation for relations with the US, European Parliament (2019-2023). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski
304. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Affiliation: Marshal of the Sejm, Sejm of the Republic of Poland (2014-2015). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski
305. ^ Radosław Sikorski, Affiliation: Resident fellow / Executive director, American Enterprise Institute / New Atlantic Initiative (2002-2005). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski
306. ^ Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka, Affiliation: Secretary of State, Ministry of National Defence (Poland) (2026-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Sobkowiak-Czarnecka
307. ^ Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka, Affiliation: Undersecretary of State for European affairs, Chancellery of the Prime Minister (KPRM) (2024-2026). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Sobkowiak-Czarnecka
308. ^ Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka, Affiliation: Plenipotentiary for the EU SAFE instrument, Government of Poland (2025-2026). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Sobkowiak-Czarnecka
309. ^ Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka, Affiliation: International secretary, Polish People's Party (PSL) (2019-2025). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Sobkowiak-Czarnecka
310. ^ Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka, Affiliation: President, Kobiety w Centrum (association). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Sobkowiak-Czarnecka
311. ^ Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka, Affiliation: Information and communication specialist (EU defence and space policy), European Commission (2016-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Sobkowiak-Czarnecka
312. ^ Beata Stelmach, Affiliation: President of the Management Board, Totalizator Sportowy (2025-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beata_Stelmach
313. ^ Beata Stelmach, Affiliation: President, PZL-Świdnik (2018-2020). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beata_Stelmach
314. ^ Beata Stelmach, Affiliation: President, General Electric (Poland and Baltics) (2013-2017). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beata_Stelmach
315. ^ Beata Stelmach, Affiliation: Undersecretary of State, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland (2011-2013). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beata_Stelmach
316. ^ Beata Stelmach, Affiliation: Council member, Adam Mickiewicz Institute (2013-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beata_Stelmach
317. ^ Beata Stelmach, Affiliation: Vice-president, Konfederacja Lewiatan. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beata_Stelmach
318. ^ Dorota Sumińska, Affiliation: Co-host, 'Sumińska - Zwierzę Ci się' (online programme, Facebook/YouTube) (2022-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorota_Sumi%C5%84ska
319. ^ Dorota Sumińska, Affiliation: Host of 'Wierzę w zwierzę', Radio TOK FM (2013-2022). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorota_Sumi%C5%84ska
320. ^ Dorota Sumińska, Affiliation: Presenter of 'Zwierzowiec', TVP1. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorota_Sumi%C5%84ska
321. ^ Dorota Sumińska, Affiliation: Presenter of 'Zwierzenia na cztery łapy', Polskie Radio Program I. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorota_Sumi%C5%84ska
322. ^ Ishbel Szatrawska, Affiliation: Published author, Wydawnictwo Cyranka. Source: https://cela-europe.com/participants/ishbel-szatrawska/
323. ^ Ishbel Szatrawska, Affiliation: Stipend/fellowship holder, Landis & Gyr Stiftung; Stiftung Genshagen; City of Kraków; Theatre Institute in Warsaw. Source: https://cela-europe.com/participants/ishbel-szatrawska/
324. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Patriotism and nationalism: ironic critic of Polish national myths; novel "Siedem" a satire on nationalist grandiosity. Source: https://www.voland-quist.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/pressemitteilung_sieben.doc https://rozrywka.spidersweb.pl/byl-sobie-polak-rusek-niemiec-historie-europy-b-recenzja-splay
325. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Migration: reportage 'Obcy w worku': Minsk attacked Lithuania using Iraqi migrants (2021-08-03). Source: https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/swiat/2128501%2C1%2Clitwa-bialoruski-atak-irackimi-migrantami.read
326. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Islam: Column (Krytyka Polityczna): the left should accept Islam as part of Europe's history ("islam ma prawo do miejsca w historii Europy") and attack its "dogmatyzm, staroświeckość i fanatyzm tak samo mocno, jak walimy w chrześcijaństwo"; fight "ciemnogrodzki wpływ islamu tak samo jak katolicyzmu czy judaizmu" (2019-05-10). Source: https://krytykapolityczna.pl/felietony/ziemowit-szczerek/europa-islam-a-oswiecenie
327. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Islam: Column (Krytyka Polityczna): says there is no alternative to migration but asks whether the left can function "w warunkach konserwatyzmu inspirowanego islamem"; wants a secular open state, not the right's "chrześcijańska tradycja" against "napór islamu" (2018-09-20). Source: https://krytykapolityczna.pl/swiat/szczerek-multikulti-lewica-migracja/
328. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Criticism of Poles: On TVN24 "Xięgarnia": "Będąc sami Dzikim Wschodem, przesuwamy ten Dziki Wschód jeszcze dalej"; instead of learning from how the West sees them, Poles pass stereotypes on (2014-01-31). Source: https://tvn24.pl/programy/ziemowit-szczerek-nagroda-zobowiazuje-do-pisania-ra393268-ls3350825
329. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Affiliation: Contributor, Polityka (weekly). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemowit_Szczerek
330. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Affiliation: Contributor, Nowa Europa Wschodnia / New Eastern Europe. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemowit_Szczerek
331. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Affiliation: Regular columnist, Halo.Radio (2021-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemowit_Szczerek
332. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Affiliation: Permanent columnist, Ha!Art portal. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemowit_Szczerek
333. ^ Ziemowit Szczerek, Affiliation: Member, Unia Literacka. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemowit_Szczerek
334. ^ Jacek Tacik, Affiliation: Author of the reportage '#zostanwdomu', TVN24 (2020). Source: https://tvn24.pl/najnowsze/zostanwdomu-zapowiedz-reportazu-jacka-tacika-vd4608855
335. ^ David Timis, Affiliation: Senior Fellow, AI Governance programme, Global Governance Institute (Brussels) (2025-). Source: https://www.globalgovernance.eu/team/david-timis
336. ^ David Timis, Affiliation: AI Governance Global Communications & Public Affairs Manager, Generation (skilling and employment nonprofit). Source: https://www.globalgovernance.eu/team/david-timis
337. ^ David Timis, Affiliation: Community Champion BeNeLux & France, Global Shapers Community (World Economic Forum). Source: https://www.globalgovernance.eu/team/david-timis
338. ^ David Timis, Affiliation: Lead, EU civics outreach (EU elections), Google (2019, 2024). Source: https://www.globalgovernance.eu/team/david-timis
339. ^ David Timis, Affiliation: UN Youth Delegate for Romania, United Nations. Source: https://www.globalgovernance.eu/team/david-timis
340. ^ Grażyna Torbicka, Affiliation: Co-founder and artistic director, Two Riversides Film and Art Festival (Dwa Brzegi), Kazimierz Dolny (2007-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C5%BCyna_Torbicka
341. ^ Grażyna Torbicka, Affiliation: Member, European Film Academy. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C5%BCyna_Torbicka
342. ^ Grażyna Torbicka, Affiliation: Member, Polish Film Academy. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C5%BCyna_Torbicka
343. ^ Grażyna Torbicka, Affiliation: Member, FIPRESCI (1996-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C5%BCyna_Torbicka
344. ^ Grażyna Torbicka, Affiliation: Host of 'Kocham Cię kino', Radio Zet (2019-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C5%BCyna_Torbicka
345. ^ Grażyna Torbicka, Affiliation: Journalist/presenter, Telewizja Polska (TVP) (1985-2016). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C5%BCyna_Torbicka
346. ^ Igor Tuleya, Affiliation: Judge, Warsaw District Court (Sąd Okręgowy w Warszawie), Criminal Division VIII (2010-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Tuleya
347. ^ Igor Tuleya, Affiliation: Press spokesperson, Warsaw District Court (2012-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Tuleya
348. ^ Igor Tuleya, Affiliation: Columnist, Halo.Radio (2021-2022). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Tuleya
349. ^ Maciej Zaremba Bielawski, Collectivism vs individualism: exposed Swedish state compulsory-sterilisation programme (DN 1997); ex-communist who abandoned those views (1982). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maciej_Zaremba
350. ^ Maciej Zaremba Bielawski, Affiliation: Writer on culture and politics, Dagens Nyheter (1990-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maciej_Zaremba_Bielawski
351. ^ Maciej Zaremba Bielawski, Affiliation: Editor, social and cultural section, Moderna Tider (1994-1995). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maciej_Zaremba_Bielawski
352. ^ Maciej Zaremba Bielawski, Affiliation: Jury member, then jury chair, Ryszard Kapuściński Award for Literary Reportage (2013-2016). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maciej_Zaremba_Bielawski
353. ^ Hanna Zdanowska, Migration: city hosted Ukrainian refugees (about 15% of residents, 2022), UNICEF partnership. Source: https://www.rmf24.pl/regiony/lodz/news-lodz-unicef-przekaze-miliony-zlotych-na-pomoc-uchodzcom,nId,6090333
354. ^ Hanna Zdanowska, Migration: joined "Łódź for All" diversity walk against Konfederacja "Stop Immigration" rally (July 2025), did not speak. Source: https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7789/Artykul/3555117,hundreds-march-for-diversity-in-polands-lodz-after-anti‑immigrant-rally
355. ^ Hanna Zdanowska, LGB rights (indirect, LGB rather than trans): city sponsored Łódź equality march 2019, but she did not attend. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_marches_in_Poland
356. ^ Hanna Zdanowska, Affiliation: Mayor (Prezydent), City of Łódź (2010-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Zdanowska
357. ^ Hanna Zdanowska, Affiliation: Member, Civic Platform / Civic Coalition (2006-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Zdanowska
358. ^ Hanna Zdanowska, Affiliation: Member (elected 2007), Sejm of the Republic of Poland (2007-). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Zdanowska
359. ^ Hanna Zdanowska, Affiliation: Deputy mayor, City of Łódź (2007). Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Zdanowska
360. ^ Hanna Zdanowska, Affiliation: Office director, Łódź Chamber of Industry and Commerce. Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Zdanowska
361. ^ Human Rights Watch, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Since summer 2021 Belarus actively enabled Middle East migrants to fly in on facilitated tourist visas and reach the Polish border; Poland pushed them back (2021-11-24). Source: https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/11/24/die-here-or-go-poland/belarus-and-polands-shared-responsibility-border-abuses
362. ^ Al Jazeera, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Iraq's first repatriation flight from Minsk to Baghdad took more than 400 Iraqis stranded in Belarus (2021-11-18). Source: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/18/hundreds-of-iraqis-to-be-repatriated-from-belarus
363. ^ Zbigniew Ziobro (justice minister), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): "In the Third Reich, the Germans produced propaganda films showing Poles as bandits and murderers. Today, they have Agnieszka Holland for that." (2023-09-04/05, post on X a day before the Venice premiere; AP report 2023-09-05/07). Source: https://www.ksat.com/entertainment/2023/09/07/polish-director-demands-apology-from-justice-minister-for-comparing-her-film-to-nazi-propaganda/
364. ^ Zbigniew Ziobro, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): In a PiS video he called the film "disgusting", compared it again to Nazi and Soviet propaganda and linked Holland to Civic Platform (2023-09-21). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/09/21/government-to-show-recording-in-cinemas-before-screening-of-anti-polish-migrant-film/
365. ^ Warsaw court (on Holland's suit), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Barred Ziobro, as an interim measure, from linking Holland and her film to Nazi propaganda (2023-09-26/27). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/09/27/court-bans-polands-justice-minister-from-linking-director-and-her-film-to-nazi-propaganda/
366. ^ President Andrzej Duda, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): On TVP Info he said he was not surprised Border Guards used the occupation-era slogan "tylko świnie siedzą w kinie" ("only pigs sit in cinemas"); he admitted he had not seen the film (about 2023-09-20). Source: https://oko.press/hejt-na-holland-o-co-chodzi-z-tylko-swinie-siedza-w-kinie
367. ^ President Andrzej Duda, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Called the film "anti-Polish", according to Al Jazeera (reported 2023-10-10). Source: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/10/agnieszka-holland-polish-filmmaker-interview
368. ^ OMZRiK (anti-racism monitoring centre) vs Duda, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Sued Duda over the "pigs" remark; the Warsaw District Court dismissed the claim (2024-25, ruling date not given in source). Source: https://www.tvp.info/89885260/andrzej-duda-o-filmie-zielona-granica-tylko-swinie-siedza-w-kinie-sad-wydal-wyrok-jaka-decyzja
369. ^ Border Guard union members (Nadwiślański Oddział SG), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Statement titled "Tylko świnie siedzą w kinie": the film is anti-Polish propaganda showing officers as oppressors; SG spokesperson said it was the union, not the unit (about 2023-09-08). Source: https://oko.press/tylko-swinie-siedza-w-kinie-zwiazkowcy-strazy-granicznej-do-agnieszki-holland https://www.wprost.pl/11390029
370. ^ Błażej Poboży (deputy interior minister), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): "The best way to describe this film is a disgusting libel"; the crisis was "deliberately engineered by Minsk and Moscow", a "hybrid operation" (2023-09-21). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/09/21/government-to-show-recording-in-cinemas-before-screening-of-anti-polish-migrant-film/
371. ^ Ministry of Interior and Administration (MSWiA), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Announced a special clip to precede screenings in independent cinemas, saying the film gives a false, unfair picture of the services (2023-09-21). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/09/21/government-to-show-recording-in-cinemas-before-screening-of-anti-polish-migrant-film/ https://www.ppe.pl/news/327043/zielona-granica-agnieszki-holland-to-obrzydliwy-paszkwil-mswia-poprzedzi-film-specjalnym-spotem.html
372. ^ Mariusz Kamiński (interior minister), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Called it a "brutal attack on Polish uniformed officers"; "Holland is not telling the truth... She consciously manipulates our emotions" (Sept 2023, search summary; exact page not confirmed). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/?p=58910
373. ^ PiS party (official X account), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): The film attacks soldiers and officers defending the border against a hybrid attack by Lukashenko and Putin; "we must defend against Tusk's hyenas" (2023-09-21). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/09/21/government-to-show-recording-in-cinemas-before-screening-of-anti-polish-migrant-film/
374. ^ Radosław Fogiel (PiS MP), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Sad that opposition welcomed the film as "anti-PiS" when it is "anti-Polish" (2023-09-21). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/09/21/government-to-show-recording-in-cinemas-before-screening-of-anti-polish-migrant-film/
375. ^ Mateusz Morawiecki (prime minister), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Called the film propaganda preparation for dismantling the border barrier with Belarus; opponents use it to besmirch the Polish uniform (2023-09-20/22). Source: https://wydarzenia.interia.pl/kraj/news-premier-o-filmie-holland-propagandowe-przygotowanie-pod-demo,nId,7040920 https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/premier-morawiecki-nasi-przeciwnicy-w-oparciu-o-film-zielona-granica-chca-splugawic
376. ^ Mariusz Błaszczak (defence minister), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Called the film a gift from Holland and celebrity circles to Putin, to be used in anti-Polish propaganda (Sept 2023, search summary). Source: https://wydarzenia.interia.pl/kraj/news-premier-o-filmie-holland-propagandowe-przygotowanie-pod-demo,nId,7040920
377. ^ Stanisław Żaryn (government plenipotentiary for information-space security), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Belarusian state propaganda praised the film; its message matches Belarusian and Russian information operations against Poland (Sept 2023, search summary; page did not load). Source: https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/zaryn-bialoruska-propaganda-zachwycona-filmem-agnieszki-holland
378. ^ Przemysław Czarnek (education minister), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): "Holland i jej polityczni pomagierzy nie mają prawa nazywać się Polakami" (headline quote: no right to call themselves Poles) (Sept 2023). Source: https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art39138041-czarnek-holland-i-jej-polityczni-pomagierzy-nie-maja-prawa-nazywac-sie-polakami
379. ^ Mariusz Kałużny (PiS MP), Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Called the film scandalous and anti-Polish; Putin would go to see it (Sept 2023, search summary). Source: https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/posel-kaluzny-zielona-granica-film-skandaliczny-antypolski-putin-poszedlby-na-niego-do
380. ^ Agnieszka Holland, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Demanded Ziobro apologise within 7 days and donate 50,000 zł to a Holocaust-survivor charity, or face defamation charges (2023-09-07). Source: https://www.ksat.com/entertainment/2023/09/07/polish-director-demands-apology-from-justice-minister-for-comparing-her-film-to-nazi-propaganda/
381. ^ Agnieszka Holland, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): "We expected hate, but not so brutally and from the highest government bodies... I haven't seen this in any democratic country." (2023-09-20, Warsaw premiere). Source: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/09/21/government-to-show-recording-in-cinemas-before-screening-of-anti-polish-migrant-film/
382. ^ Agnieszka Holland, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): The film can "give a face and voice to the migrants and refugees"; attacks are "insinuations, defamations and hate speeches"; MSWiA clip "ridiculous" (2023-09-22). Source: https://www.screendaily.com/features/agnieszka-holland-responds-to-political-attacks-on-the-green-border/5186147.article
383. ^ Agnieszka Holland, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Film "came from my love for Poland", has "not a gram of propaganda", shows mainly good Poles; Putin and Lukashenko exploit EU weakness (2023-09-22). Source: https://oko.press/holland-zielona-granica-powstala-z-mojej-milosci-do-polski
384. ^ Agnieszka Holland, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Described an "orchestrated campaign"; populists' main tool is creating fear of refugees; everything in the film is documented (2023-10-10). Source: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/10/agnieszka-holland-polish-filmmaker-interview
385. ^ Agnieszka Holland, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Europe became "hostage of exterior regimes" manipulating refugee flows; situation "not black-and-white"; some guards feel guilty (2024-06-21). Source: https://www.democracynow.org/2024/6/21/agnieszka_holland_green_border
386. ^ Agnieszka Holland, Reception of “Zielona granica” (Green Border, 2023): Disappointed that the Tusk government kept the previous approach to migrants at the border (2024-05-31). Source: https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2024-05-31/agnieszka-holland-o-sytuacji-na-granicy-wladzy-lepiej-sprzedaje-sie-demagogiczna-propaganda/

Context, not stances

Facts that were found but do not establish a position (a profession, a party, the subject of a book).

• Roxana Mînzatu: Context, not a stance (topic 1): Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSD) politician https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu
• Martyna Wojciechowska: Context, not a stance (topic 7): runs the UNAWEZA foundation (girls' rights); no explicit statement on feminism found
• Anne Applebaum: Context, not a stance (topic 1): historian of Soviet communist repression (Gulag, 2003 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulag:_A_History
• Anne Applebaum: Context, not a stance (topic 4): framed the 2021 Belarus border crisis as Lukashenko forcing asylum seekers across as retaliation (NPR, 2021 https://www.keranews.org/2021-11-18/twilight-of-democracy-author-says-the-autocrats-are-winning
• M. Bilge Demirköz: One check only: a L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science award winner, which is not a stated position https://tuba.gov.tr/en/news/about-academy/unesco-and-loreal-awards-to-tuba-members
• Arseniy Yatsenyuk: Context, not a stance (topic 3): pro-Western, anti-Kremlin wartime premiership (2014-16
• Agnieszka Irena Holland: Context, not a stance (topic 1): films on totalitarian crimes: Europa Europa (Nazism), Mr. Jones (Holodomor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnieszka_Holland
• Agnieszka Irena Holland: Context, not a stance (topic 11): sued Ziobro for defamation; a court barred him from comparing her to criminal regimes (he called it censorship https://tvn24.pl/polska/zbigniew-ziobro-lider-suwerennej-polski-o-zakazie-wypowiadania-sie-o-agnieszce-holland-i-jej-filmie-zielona-granica-to-zamach-na-wolnosc-slowa-st7362464
• Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram: Role confirmed: elected by the Sejm 233-177, Senate consent 22 July 2026, took office 29 July 2026 https://notesfrompoland.com/2026/07/23/poland-appoints-new-human-rights-commissioner/
• Ivan Krastev: Context, not a stance (topic 1): liberal analyst of post-1989 illiberalism (The Light That Failed, 2019 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Krastev
• Michael Beckley: One check only: works on US-China competition; no position found on the 11 topics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Beckley
• Antoni Dudek: Context, not a stance (topic 1): historian of the communist PRL; former IPN adviser and IPN Council member https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Dudek
• Marta Grzywacz: Context, not a stance (topic 1): books on Nazi crimes (Ravensbrück "rabbits") and looted art (Estreicher, 2017); no stated ideology https://bank.pl/?p=243099
• Joanna Gutral: Profile only: CBT psychotherapist, SWPS University; no political positions found https://english.swps.pl/joanna-gutral-sutherland
• Jarosław Kurski: No statement found; Dziady i dybuki (2022) is a family history of Polish-Jewish ancestry, not a stated nationalism position https://32.jewishfestival.pl/en/events/dziady-i-dybuki-pl-en-2/
• Jacob Kushner: Also interviewed on Liberté!'s own podcast about German far right https://4liberty.eu/tag/nsu/
• Jacob Kushner: Context, not a stance (topic 1): book on NSU neo-Nazi murders framed as warning against white-supremacist terror https://csl.mpg.de/en/book-launch-with-jacob-kushner.html
• Aleksander Kwaśniewski: Context, not a stance (topic 1): post-communist social democrat (SdRP/SLD leader); no explicit statement checked
• Gerd Leonhard: Only general: "Technology vs. Humanity" (2016) as a digital-rights/digital-ethics manifesto; does not map to topics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_Leonhard
• Szymon Majewski: Nothing found (searches on Strajk Kobiet, LGBT, PiS returned no hits on him).
• Adam Mirek: Profile only: PhD biomedical engineering, TikTok educator, children's science books https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/adam-mirek
• Tom G. Palmer: Gay marriage: Cato talk "how gay marriage was won, how it could be lost" — LGB, not topic 8 https://www.cato.org/multimedia/media-highlights-tv/tom-g-palmer-discusses-how-gay-marriage-was-won-how-it-could-be-lost
• Cezary Pazura: No politics found; one Rz interview on being labelled a "Catholic celebrity" for saying he sometimes listens to Radio Maryja https://www.rp.pl/wydarzenia/art12491361-nakrece-film-o-sw-jadwidze
• Andrzej Poczobut: Context, not a stance (topic 3): Polish-minority activist in Belarus; sentenced to 8 years (2023) for "inciting hatred"/harming national security https://www.interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/87778/
• Andrzej Poczobut: Context, not a stance (topic 11): jailed for journalism; freed in 2025 swap; 2025 Sakharov Prize https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/9235385/belarus-frees-polish-journalist-in-10-person-swap/
• Andrzej Poczobut: Context, not a stance (topic 1): anti-Lukashenka from his reporting and imprisonment
• Joanna Przetakiewicz-Rooijens: Nothing found in three searches (abortion, Strajk Kobiet, feminism).
• Michał Rusinek: No documented positions found on any topic (biography only: https://en.conradfestival.pl/biogram/michal-rusinek
• Piotr Sankowski: No positions on the listed topics found. Public statements concern AI policy, compute sovereignty and retaining scientists in Poland (not patriotism/nationalism in the topic's sense https://spidersweb.pl/plus/2024/11/jak-zatrzymac-w-polsce-naukowcow-piotr-sankowski
• Wilhelm Sasnal: Context, not a stance (topic 1): art centred on Holocaust memory (Maus paintings; POLIN 2021 show "Such a Landscape" https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/06/18/polish-artist-confronts-countrys-difficulty-in-addressing-holocaust
• Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka: No documented positions found. Biography: https://www.gov.pl/web/primeminister/magdalena-sobkowiak-czarnecka https://www.rmf24.pl/fakty/polska/news-mon-ma-nowa-wiceminister-magdalena-sobkowiak-czarnecka-powol,nId,8090887
• Beata Stelmach: No documented positions found. Biography: https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Beata-Stelmach-powolana-na-prezesa-Totalizatora-Sportowego-8878039.html
• Dorota Sumińska: No documented positions found on listed topics. Co-authored a 2019 book-dialogue with a priest on how the Church excludes animals and women ("Nieboskie stworzenia. Jak Kościół wyklucza"); content not checked https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/45634776
• Ishbel Szatrawska: No documented positions found. Bibliographic record lists her as author of works on Tony Kushner, E. M. Forster and Matthew Lopez (gay-themed authors), which supports mimo's fact but not a stance https://cela-europe.com/participants/ishbel-szatrawska/ https://literarybibliography.eu/cs/wiki/record/Q112547794
• Jacek Tacik: No stances found; reporting only (book on Israel/Palestine after 7 Oct 2023; 2015 Hungary-Serbia border migration reporting as TVP reporter https://tvn24.pl/polska/koniec-swiata-na-poludnie-od-tel-awiwu-premiera-ksiazki-jacka-tacika-st9047264
• David Timis: No positions on listed topics found; works on AI, future of work, skilling https://www.globalgovernance.eu/team/david-timis
• Grażyna Torbicka: No documented positions found.
• Igor Tuleya: Context, not a topic cell: suspended by the Disciplinary Chamber Nov 2020 over judicial-independence conflict https://tvn24.pl/polska/protesty-w-obronie-sedziow-wroclaw-czestochowa-opole-st5494791
• Igor Tuleya: Context, not a stance (topic 11): after prosecutors' actions said "that does not mean they will shut my mouth" (headline only, context unread https://tvn24.pl/tagi/Igor_Tuleya/s-3
• Maciej Zaremba Bielawski: Context, not a stance (topic 4): 2005 DN series on Vaxholm dispute over foreign (Latvian) construction workers; book "Polski hydraulik" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maciej_Zaremba https://culture.pl/pl/dzielo/maciej-zaremba-bielawski-polski-hydraulik-i-nowe-opowiesci-ze-szwecji
• Maciej Zaremba Bielawski: Context, not a stance (topic 11): 2nd edition of "Polski hydraulik" adds a reportage on political correctness https://culture.pl/pl/dzielo/maciej-zaremba-bielawski-polski-hydraulik-i-nowe-opowiesci-ze-szwecji
• Hanna Zdanowska: Related (not topic 2): city-funded IVF programme from 2016 after national programme ended https://tvn24.pl/lodz/ministerstwo-wygasza-wspieranie-in-vitro-lodz-stworzy-swoj-program-ra608268-ls3170758

Method

The speaker list comes from the event's public programme. Four language models (GPT, MiMo, DeepSeek, Gemini) proposed candidate positions; each claim was then checked by web search, and only claims with a source were kept. Many model claims turned out to be unsupported or false and were dropped. The models were asked again to review the table: on their advice cells carry neutral labels instead of Yes/No colours, statements about gay people are not counted as trans rights, and facts that are not stances are listed separately. Checked on 2026-10-23. The “Great Replacement” is a conspiracy theory; the column records whether a speaker addressed it, not whether it is true.